Outline Materi Training Introduction to SQL in the Oracle Environment:

Introducing Database Oracle:

• Overview Database Oracle
• Certification track dalam Database Oracle
• Communicating with a RDBMS Using SQL dalam Database Oracle
• Sql Statement dalam Database Oracle

Using DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables:

• Database Objects dalam Database Oracle
• Naming Rules dalam Database Oracle
• CREATE TABLE Statement dalam Database Oracle
• Data Types dalam Database Oracle
• Including Constraints dalam Database Oracle
• NOT NULL Constraint dalam Database Oracle
• UNIQUE Constraint dalam Database Oracle
• PRIMARY KEY Constraint dalam Database Oracle
• FOREIGN KEY Constraint: Keywords dalam Database Oracle
• CHECK Constraint
• ALTER TABLE Statement dalam Database Oracle
• Read-Only Tables dalam Database Oracle
• Dropping a Table dalam Database Oracle

Manipulating Data:

• Data Manipulation Language
• Adding a New Row to a Table
• INSERT Statement Syntax
• Changing Data in a Table
• UPDATE Statement Syntax
• Removing a Row from a Table
• DELETE Statement
• TRUNCATE Statement
• Advantages of COMMIT and ROLLBACK Statements

Retrieving Data Using the SQL SELECT Statement:

• Capabilities of SQL SELECT Statements
• Basic SELECT Statement
• Selecting All Columns
• Selecting Specific Columns
• Writing SQL Statements
• Arithmetic Expressions
• Using Arithmetic Operators
• Defining a Null Value
• Null Values in Arithmetic Expressions
• Defining a Column Alias
• Using Column Aliases
• Concatenation Operator
• Literal Character Strings
• Using Literal Character Strings
• Duplicate Rows
• Displaying the Table Structure
• Using the DESCRIBE Command

Restricting and Sorting Data:

• Limiting Rows Using a Selection
• Limiting the Rows That Are Selected
• Using the WHERE Clause
• Character Strings and Dates
• Comparison Operators
• Range Conditions Using the BETWEEN Operator
• Membership Condition Using the IN Operator
• Pattern Matching Using the LIKE Operator
• Combining Wildcard Characters
• Using the NULL Conditions
• Defining Conditions Using the Logical Operators
• Using the AND, OR, NOT Operator
• Rules of Precedence
• Using the ORDER BY Clause
• Sorting

Using Single-Row Functions to Customize Output:

• SQL Functions
• Two Types of SQL Functions
• Single-Row Functions
• Character Functions
• Case-Conversion Functions
• Character-Manipulation Functions
• Number Functions
• Using the ROUND, TRUNC, MOD Function
• Working with Dates
• RR Date Format
• Using the SYSDATE Function
• Arithmetic with Dates
• Using Arithmetic Operators with Dates
• Date-Manipulation Functions
• Using Date Functions
• Using ROUND and TRUNC Functions with Dates

Using Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions:

• Conversion Functions
• Implicit and Explicit Data Type Conversion
• Using the TO_CHAR Function with Dates
• Elements of the Date Format Model
• Using the TO_CHAR Function with Dates
• Using the TO_CHAR Function with Numbers
• Using the TO_NUMBER and TO_DATE Functions
• Nesting Functions
• General Functions
• NVL Function
• Conditional Expressions
• CASE Expression
• Using the CASE Expression
• DECODE Function
• Using the DECODE Function

Displaying Data from Multiple Tables:

• Obtaining Data from Multiple Tables
• Types of Joins
• Qualifying Ambiguous Column Names
• Creating Natural Joins
• Creating Joins with the USING Clause
• Joining Column Names
• Retrieving Records with the USING Clause
• Using Table Aliases with the USING Clause
• Creating Joins with the ON Clause
• Retrieving Records with the ON Clause
• Joining a Table to Itself
• Self-Joins Using the ON Clause
• INNER Versus OUTER Joins
• LEFT OUTER JOIN
• RIGHT OUTER JOIN
• FULL OUTER JOIN
• Cartesian Products

Reporting Aggregated Data Using the Group Functions:

• What Are Group Functions
• Types of Group Functions
• Group Functions: Syntax
• Using the AVG, SUM, MIN, MAX, COUNT Functions
• Using the DISTINCT Keyword
• Group Functions and Null Values
• Creating Groups of Data
• Creating Groups of Data: GROUP BY Clause Syntax
• Using the GROUP BY Clause
• Grouping by More than One Column
• Using the GROUP BY Clause on Multiple Columns
• Illegal Queries Using Group Functions
• Restricting Group Results
• Restricting Group Results with the HAVING Clause
• Using the HAVING Clause

Using Subqueries to Solve Queries:

• Using a Subquery to Solve a Problem
• Subquery Syntax
• Types of Subqueries
• Single-Row Subqueries
• Executing Single-Row Subqueries
• Using Group Functions in a Subquery
• The HAVING Clause with Subqueries
• Multiple-Row Subqueries
• Null Values in a Subquery

Using the Set Operators:

• Set Operators
• UNION Operator
• UNION ALL Operator
• INTERSECT Operator
• MINUS Operator
• Matching the SELECT Statements
• Using the ORDER BY Clause in Set Operations